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Potato

Greasy Cutworm/ Black cut worm

Symptoms of damage

Young larvae feed on the epidermis of the leaves
Older larvae come out at night and feed young plants by cutting their stems
They also damage the tubers by eating away part of them

Identification of pest

Eggs: Creamy white, dome-shaped eggs, laid singly on lower surface of the leaves

Larvae: Newly emerged young larva is yellow in colour. The full-grown larva is dark or dark brown with a plump and greasy body.

Pupa: Dark brown pupae are found in earthen cells lying underground in the potato fields

Adult: Dark with some grayish patches on the back and dark streaks on the forewings.

Management

Flood the infested fields
Handpick and destroy the larvae in morning and evening hours on cracks and crevices in the field
Plough the soil during summer months to expose larvae and pupae to avian predators
Set up light trap @1/ha
Pheromone traps @12/ha to attract male moths
Spray insecticides like chlorpyriphos 20 EC @1 lit/ha or neem oil @ 3%

Potato tuber moth

Symptoms of damage

It is a pest of field and storage
Larva tunnels into foliage, stem and tubers
Galleries are formed near tuber eyes

Identification of pest

Egg: Laid singly on the ventral surface of foliage and exposed tubers

Larva: Yellow coloured caterpillar with dark brown head

Pupa: Pupation occurs within a cocoon among the trash, clods of the earth in the field

Adult: Small narrow winged moth, greyish brown forewings and hind wings are dirty white

Management

Select healthy tubers
Avoid shallow planting of tubers. Plant the tubers to a depth at 10 - 15 cm deep
Install pheromone traps at 15/ha.
Collect and destroy all the infested tubers from the field
Do not leave the harvested tubers in the field overnight
Adopt intercropping with chilies, onion or peas
Do earthing up at 60 days after planting to avoid female moths laying eggs on the exposed tubers
Cover the upper surface of potato tubers with the branches of Lantana and Eupatorium to repel the ovipositing moth in the godown
Release egg larval parasitoid: Chelonus blackburnii @30,000/ha twice at 40 and 70 day after planting
Spray NSKE @5% or quinalphos 25 EC @2ml/lit of water to manage foliar damage
Spray Bacillus thuringiensis @1 kg/ha at 10 days interval

White grubs

Symptoms of damage

Grubs feed on roots and tubers
Grubs feed voraciously during night time

Identification of pest

Larva: “C” shaped grub

Adult: Brown beetle with pale prothorax

Management

Summer ploughing to expose pupae
Dust Quinalphos 5% @25 kg/ha at 10 days after first summer rain
Set up light trap @1/ha between 7 PM and 9 PM
Handpick adult beetles in the morning

Tobacco Caterpillar

Symptoms of damage

The young larvae first feed gregariously and scrape the leaves
Older larvae spread out and may completely devour the leaves resulting in poor growth of plants

Identification of pest

Egg: Masses appear golden brown

Larva: Pale greenish with dark markings

Adult: Forewings are brown in colour with wavy white marking, hind wings are white in colour with a brown patch along the margin

Management

Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae
Grow castor along border and irrigation channel as trap crop
Flood the field to drive out the hibernating larvae
Set up light trap @1/ha
Pheromone traps (Pherodin SL) @ 15/ ha to attract male moths
Collect and destroy egg masses in castor and tomato
Hand pick grown up larvae and kill them
Spray Sl NPV @ 1.5X1012 POBs/ha + 2.5 Kg crude sugar + 0.1 % teepol

Green Leaf Hopper

Symptoms of damage

Tips of affected leaves become brown, turn upwards and get dried up

Identification of pest

Egg: Elongated yellow-white egg is deposited in leaf vein.

Nymph: Pale-green, wedge shaped, winged pads extend up to the fifth abdominal segment

Adult: It is a wedge shaped and pale green insect

Management

Spray dimethoate 30 EC or phosphomidon (Dimecron) 2ml/lit

Green peach aphid

Symptoms of damage

Aphids suck sap of plants, as a result of which leaves turn pale and dry up.
This pest also transmits various viral to potato plants

Identification of pest

It resembles wingless adult but the size is small.

Management

Spray dimethoate 0.3%

Whitefly

Symptoms of damage

Nymphs suck sap from the leaves and lower their vitality
Yellowing and curling of leaf
Sooty mould develops on affected leaves

Identification of pest

Egg: Smooth, sub elliptical, stalked at broader basal end with light yellow colour when freshly laid, turn dark brown later on

Nymph: Pale-yellow in colour

Adult: It is small winged insect having light yellow colour. Wings are pure white with prominent long legs.

Management

Well timed irrigation
Avoid common solanaceous crops in the endemic areas
Spray dimethoate 0.3%