Sapota

Bud Worm

Symptoms of damage

Webbed flowers and buds

Shedding of buds and flowers.

Bore holes and excreta seen on attacked flowers.

Identification of pest

Larva - small, slender, pinkish brown with black head

Adult: Grey moth with black patch on wings.

Symptom

Larva

Adult

Management

Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit.

Application of neem oil 2% or neem seed kernel extract 5 %.

Fruit Fly

Symptoms of damage

Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots and dropping of fruits.

Oozing of fluid

Brownish rotten patches on fruits.

Identification of pest

Larva - Yellowish apodous maggots.

Adult : Light brown with transparent wing

Management

Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a pit and covering with soil.

Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa

Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps.

Use bait spray combing any one of the insecticides and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l

malathion 50EC 2 ml/l,

dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l,

carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

Prepare bait with methyl eugenol 1% solution mixed with malathion 0.1%.

Take 10 ml of this mixture per trap and keep them in 25 different places in one hectare

Heavy infestation - application of dust and sprays of pyrethrum

Spray malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit.

Field release of natural enemies Opius

Stem borer

Symptoms of damage

Presence of small holes at the collar region

Gummosis

Extrusion of frass through the bore holes at the collar region

Yellowing and shedding of leaves

Drying up of twigs and gradual death of the tree.

Identification of pest

Adult - medium sized reddish brown beetle.

Head and thorax - dark brown or almost black.

Management

Collect and destroy the damaged plants

Field sanitation

Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l on the basal portion of the trunk ( 3 feet height)

After scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles.

Padding with monocrotophos 36 WSC 10 ml in 2.5 cm /tree soaked in absorbent cotton

If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.

Hook out the grub from the bore hole and apply monocrotophos 10 to 20 ml/ hole (or)

One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole

Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

Leaf webber or Chichoo moth

Symptoms of damage

Caterpillar webs and feed on leaves

Scrapping chlorophyll content

Leaves dried and hanging from the webbed shoots

Caterpillar bores into flower buds and tender fruits - withered and shed.

Identification of pest

Egg - pale yellow colour, oval shaped

Larva - pinkish in colour, brown stripes on each side of the body.

Adult - Greyish moth with brown or black spot on the fore wing

Symptom

Adult

Management

Remove and destruct the infested fruits from the orchard

Collect and remove the dried clusters of leaf web

Insecticides: Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit or neem seed kernel extract

5 %.

Hairy caterpillar

Symptoms of damage

Caterpillars feed on leaves

Defoliation

Identification of pest

Larva - yellowish brown with black spots and long lateral tufts of hairs

Adults: Grayish head and thorax and whitish abdomen.

Forewings are reddish brown spot ringed with white

Hind wings are white.

Symptom

Larva

Adult

Management

Field sanitation

Free from weeds and debris

Collect and destroy the egg mass

Burning the groups of larvae found on tree trunks with torches.

Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or phosalone 2 ml/l

Dusting carbaryl 10 D on the trunk and branches (around the tree 4 feet)

Field release of chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria sp.

Striped Mealy Bug

Symptoms of damage

Presence of white mealy mass on the terminal shoots and under surface of the leaves

Yellowing of older leaves

Identification of pest

Adult - Female has long filaments on the posterior end of the body

Management

Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars

Use burning torch to kill the congregating larvae

Use light trap to attract and kill the adults

Spray methyl demeton 25 EC@ 0.05%or dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.06%

Field release of Cryptoleamus montrouzieri 20 per tree

Green Scale

Symptoms of damage

Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves

Yellowing of leaves

Identification of pest

Nymph: Pale lemon yellow

Adult: green, flat oval soft scale

Management

Prune and destroy the infested shoots at initial stage of infestation.

Spray monocrotophos 1ml/lit or phenthoate 1ml/lit

After two weeks release 20 predator beetles viz., C. montrouzieri beetle per tree

Encourage parasitoids viz., Aneristis sp Coccophgagus cowperi, C. bogoriensis

Source: https://tnau.ac.in/