Tomato
Season and Field preparation
Soil
Well drained loamy soils rich in organic matter with a pH range of 6.5-7.5.
Season of sowing
May - June and November – December
Field preparation
Plough the land to fine tilth. Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t/ ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM. Irrigate the furrows and transplant 25 days old seedlings on the sides of ridges. Life irrigation to be given on 3rd day of planting.
Nursery bed preparation
Apply FYM 10 kg, Neem cake 1 kg, VAM 50 g, enriched Superphosphate 100 g and Furadon 10 g per square meter before sowing.
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Tomato-soil-319x240x10x0x299x240x1640754073.jpg)
Tomato growing soil
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Tomato-field-427x240x64x0x299x240x1640754120.png)
Main field preparation
Seed and Nursery production
Seed rate
Varieties : 300-350 g / ha
Hybrids : 100-150 g / ha
Seed treatment
Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4 g or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g or Carbendazim 2 g per kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing. Just before sowing, treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 40 g / 400 g of seeds. Sow in lines at 10 cm apart in raised nursery beds and cover with sand.
Protected nursery
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/tomato-seed-299x254x0x6x299x242x1640754636.png)
Tomato Seed
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Tomato-protray-nursery-299x338x0x7x299x325x1640754665.png)
Tomato protray nursery
Cultural practices
Spacing for varieties
PKM 1, Paiyur 1, COTH 2, TNAU Tomato Hybrid CO 3 : 60 x 45 cm
CO 3 : 45 x 30 cm
Mulching
Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the soil to a depth of 10 cm
Weed control
Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting
Growth regulators
Spray 1.25 ppm (625 ml in 500 litres of water) Triacontanol at 15 days after transplanting and at full bloom stage to increase the yield.
Training of hybrids
Micronutrient spray
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Spacing-tomato-299x254x0x6x299x242x1640755042.png)
Spacing of Tomato
Irrigation and Manuring
Irrigation
After establishment of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals.
Manuring
Varieties
Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 75:100:50 kg / ha
Borax 10 kg and Zinc sulphate 50 kg / ha
Top dressing : 75 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthing up.
Hybrids
Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 50:250:100 kg/ha
Borax 10 kg and Zinc sulphate 50 kg/ha
Top dressing : N and K each 150 kg/ha in 3 equal splits at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting.
Layout and planting for drip irrigation & fertigation
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Irrigation-337x226x19x0x299x226x1640755498.png)
Surface irrigation in tomato field
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Tomato-Drip-331x220x16x0x299x220x1640755535.jpg)
Drip irrigated Tomato
Fertigation
Fertigation schedule for tomato hybrids
Recommended dose: 200:250: 250 kg / ha
Stage | Crop stage | Duration in days | Fertilizer grade | Total Fertilizer (kg/ha) | Nutrient applied | % of requirement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | N | P | K | |||||
1 | Transplanting to plant establishment stage | 10 | 19:19:19 13:0:45 Urea (46%N) | 65.78 27.77 8.44 | 12.50 3.61 3.88 | 12.50 - - | 12.50 12.50 - | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
19.99 | 12.50 | 25.00 | ||||||||
2 | Flower initiation to flowering | 30 | 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea (46%N) | 40.98 222.22 100.27 | 4.92 28.89 46.12 | 25.00 - - | - 100.00 - | 40.00 | 10.00 | 40.00 |
79.93 | 25.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
3 | Flowering to fruit set | 30 | 19:19:19 13.0:45 Urea (46%N) | 65.78 138.88 63.90 | 12.50 18.05 29.39 | 12.50 - - | 12.50 62.50 - | 30.00 | 5.00 | 30.00 |
59.94 | 12.50 | 75.00 | ||||||||
4 | Alternate day from picking | 80 | 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea (46%N) | 20.49 111.11 50.14 | 2.46 14.44 23.06 | 12.50 - - | - 50.00 - | 20.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
39.96 | 12.50 | 50.00 | ||||||||
199.82 or 200.00 | 62.50 | 250.00 | 100 | 25 | 100 |
75% of RD of P applied as superphosphate as basal application= 1172 kg/ha
1. 19:19:19 = 132 kg / ha
2. 12:61:0 = 62 kg / ha
3. 13:0:45 = 500 kg / ha
4. Urea = 223 kg / ha
Protected cultivation and yield
Production practices for cultivation of tomato under shade net
During summer, the hybrid tomato can be grown in a shade level of 35 per cent under paired row planting system (80 x 40 x 60 cm - between pairs, rows and plants) with a basal application of 50 kg each of N and K and 250 kg of P / ha and fertigation of 200 kg each of N and K through straight fertilizers.
Protected cultivation of tomato in polyhouse
During rainy season, the indeterminate tomato hybrid has to be grown in the medium consisting of FYM : composted coir pith: sand (2:1:1) with irrigation regime of 20kPa and basal application of 50kg each of NPK/ha as straight fertilizers and 250 kg each of NPK as water soluble and straight fertilizers through fertigation along with black polyethylene mulch (50 microns).
Duration
110- 115 days from transplanting (135 - 140 days from sowing)
Yield
Varieties : 30 - 40 t / ha
Hybrids : 80 - 95 t / ha
Boom flower - N spray at 2ml / litre in three sprays – 30 days, 55 days and 75 days after planting increase the yield.
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Polyhouse-tomato-364x242x33x0x299x242x1640760082.jpg)
Tomato grown in polyhouse
![](https://farmsonbiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/brizy/imgs/Tomato-367x240x34x0x299x240x1640760109.png)
Tomato at harvest stage